Fall in zone 4bPhoto: Dietmar Rabich, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Frost dates for ZIP 54121 (Florence, WI)
Average last spring and first fall frost dates with 10%, 50% and 90% odds, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals for the nearest weather station, Florence, WI (6 miles away).
- Average last spring frostMay 2450% chance of a 32°F freeze after this date
- Average first fall frostSep 2550% chance of a 32°F freeze by this date
- Growing season (frost-free)121 daysmedian, 32°F threshold
- USDA hardiness zone4b-25 to -20°F avg. coldest night
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This week in your yard
As of Oct 18, 2026, from your frost dates, zone and soil temperature. Lawn timing · Vegetables · Pruning · Plants
Soil temperature now
2-inch depth
48°F Below 50°F
24-hour average · latest 48°F, as of Oct 18, 2:00 AM CDT
Estimate Not a measurement at this ZIP: distance-weighted average of Wabeno #1 (30 mi).
4-inch depth
48°F Below 50°F
24-hour average · latest 48°F, as of Oct 18, 2:00 AM CDT
Estimate Not a measurement at this ZIP: distance-weighted average of Wabeno #1 (30 mi).
Fall: Texas A&M AgriLife times fall pre-emergent (for winter weeds such as annual bluegrass) to soil cooling to about 70°F for several days. The 50–55°F band is the spring trigger. Always read and follow the product label.
7-day forecast and frost risk
The latest National Weather Service 7-day forecast and any Frost Advisory or Freeze Warning for 54121 load here. You can also open the NWS forecast for this ZIP.
Pre-emergent
Soil is 48°F at 4 inches (estimated soil temperature, not a station reading). Fall pre-emergent window is mostly past. Next: spring, when soil reaches 50°F (typically mid-April to early May).
Fertilizer window
Lawn region: North (cool-season). Timing only; always follow the product label.
- Kentucky bluegrass (cool-season): Early fall: Around Labor Day (late August–September); Late fall: Late October–November, before the ground freezes; Late spring: Optional around Memorial Day. Avoid: Early-spring and midsummer feeding (pushes top growth, favors crabgrass).
Plant now
No vegetable planting windows are open this week.
Prune now
No frost-timed pruning windows are open this week.
Spring-flowering shrubs are pruned right after their flowers fade, not by date. See the pruning guide.
Last spring frost odds
| Chance of a 32°F freeze after this date | Date |
|---|---|
| 90% (early: most years still freeze after this) | May 9 |
| 50% (the "average" last frost) | May 24 |
| 10% (cautious: only 1 year in 10 freezes later) | Jun 8 |
Most gardeners plant frost-tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, basil) after the 50% date, and closer to the 10% date for less risk.
First fall frost odds
| Chance the first 32°F freeze has happened by this date | Date |
|---|---|
| 10% (early: 1 year in 10 freezes this soon) | Sep 7 |
| 50% (the "average" first frost) | Sep 25 |
| 90% (late: most years have frozen by now) | Oct 9 |
Light frost, freeze and hard freeze
| Threshold | Last spring (50%) | First fall (50%) |
|---|---|---|
| 36°F (light frost possible on clear, calm nights) | Jun 5 | Sep 10 |
| 32°F (freeze) | May 24 | Sep 25 |
| 28°F (hard freeze) | May 11 | Oct 6 |
n/a means NOAA did not publish a date at that threshold for this station (usually because it rarely gets that cold).
Vegetable planting calendar for 54121
Dates count from your average last spring frost (May 24) and first fall frost (Sep 25). Half of years have a frost after the spring date, so give tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) some slack.
| Crop | Start indoors | Spring planting | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Mar 29–Apr 12 | May 31–Jun 14 (transplant) | – |
| Pepper (sweet and hot) | Mar 15–29 | Jun 7–21 (transplant) | – |
| Eggplant | Mar 15–29 | Jun 7–21 (transplant) | – |
| Tomatillo | Mar 29–Apr 12 | May 31–Jun 14 (transplant) | – |
| Lettuce | Mar 29–Apr 12 | May 3–24 (transplant) Apr 26–Jun 7 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 21 (transplant) Jul 17–Aug 14 (sowing) |
| Spinach | – | Apr 12–May 3 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 21 (sowing) |
| Kale | Mar 29–Apr 12 | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) Apr 26–May 10 (sow outdoors) | Jul 3–31 (transplant) Jun 19–Jul 17 (sowing) |
| Collards | Mar 29–Apr 12 | Apr 26–May 24 (transplant) Apr 26–May 24 (sow outdoors) | Jul 3–31 (transplant) Jun 19–Jul 17 (sowing) |
| Broccoli | Mar 15–29 | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | Jun 19–Jul 17 (transplant) |
| Cabbage | Mar 15–29 | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | Jun 19–Jul 17 (transplant) |
| Cauliflower | Mar 15–29 | May 10–24 (transplant) | Jun 19–Jul 17 (transplant) |
| Brussels sprouts | Mar 1–15 | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | Jun 5–26 (transplant) |
| Kohlrabi | Mar 29–Apr 12 | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) Apr 26–May 10 (sow outdoors) | Jul 17–31 (sowing) |
| Bok choy / Asian greens | – | Apr 26–May 10 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 14 (sowing) |
| Arugula | – | Apr 26–May 24 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 28 (sowing) |
| Mustard greens | – | Apr 26–May 17 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 14 (sowing) |
| Swiss chard | Apr 12–26 | May 10–31 (transplant) May 10–Jun 7 (sow outdoors) | Jul 17–31 (sowing) |
| Beet | – | Apr 26–May 24 (sow outdoors) | Jul 17–31 (sowing) |
| Carrot | – | May 3–31 (sow outdoors) | Jul 3–17 (sowing) |
| Radish | – | Apr 19–May 31 (sow outdoors) | Aug 14–28 (sowing) |
| Turnip | – | Apr 26–May 17 (sow outdoors) | Jul 17–31 (sowing) |
| Parsnip | – | May 3–24 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Pea (garden, snap, snow) | – | Mar 29–Apr 26 (sow outdoors) | Jul 3–17 (sowing) |
| Onion (bulbing) | Mar 1–15 | Apr 12–26 (transplant) | – |
| Green onion / scallion | – | Apr 12–May 10 (sow outdoors) | Jul 17–31 (sowing) |
| Leek | Mar 1–15 | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | – |
| Garlic | – | – | Aug 14–Sep 11 (sowing) |
| Shallot | – | Apr 12–26 (transplant) | Aug 14–Sep 11 (sowing) |
| Potato | – | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | Jun 5–19 (transplant) |
| Sweet potato | – | Jun 14–28 (transplant) | – |
| Sweet corn | – | May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Bean, bush (snap) | – | May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Bean, pole | – | May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Lima bean | – | Jun 7–21 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Southern pea (cowpea, black-eyed pea) | – | Jun 14–Jul 5 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cucumber | Apr 26–May 3 | May 31–Jun 14 (transplant) May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Apr 26–May 3 | May 31–Jun 14 (transplant) May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Winter squash | Apr 26–May 3 | May 31–Jun 14 (transplant) May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Pumpkin | – | May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Watermelon | Apr 26–May 3 | Jun 7–21 (transplant) Jun 7–21 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cantaloupe / muskmelon | Apr 26–May 3 | Jun 7–21 (transplant) Jun 7–21 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Okra | Apr 12–26 | Jun 7–21 (transplant) Jun 7–21 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Celery | Mar 1–15 | May 31–Jun 7 (transplant) | – |
| Basil | Apr 12–26 | May 31–Jun 14 (transplant) May 31–Jun 14 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cilantro | – | May 10–Jun 7 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 14 (sowing) |
| Parsley | Mar 15–29 | May 10–24 (transplant) May 3–24 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Dill | – | May 24–Jun 7 (sow outdoors) | Jul 31–Aug 14 (sowing) |
| Sunflower | – | May 24–Jun 7 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Asparagus (crowns) | – | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | – |
| Rhubarb (crowns) | – | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | – |
| Strawberry (plants) | – | Apr 26–May 10 (transplant) | Jul 17–Aug 14 (transplant) |
Typical ranges from university extension planting calendars, adjusted to your frost dates. Probabilities, not guarantees. Fall windows that would overlap spring planting are left out, as are fall crops of frost-tender plants where the frost-free season is under 210 days.
Where these numbers come from
Station: Florence, WI (NOAA GHCN-Daily ID USC00472826), elevation 1,300 ft, 5.7 miles from the ZIP's center point. NOAA completeness flag: R (representative, 10+ years).
Nearby stations
| Station | Distance | Last frost (50%) | First frost (50%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron Mtn Ford AP, MI | 11 mi | May 25 | Sep 24 |
| Iron Mtn-kingsford Wwtp, MI | 13 mi | May 17 | Oct 1 |
| Goodman Sanitary Dist, WI | 17 mi | May 24 | Sep 30 |
The average last-frost dates of these stations span 8 days, a rough guide to local variation. See data sources & methods.
Frost questions for 54121
When is the last frost in 54121?
The average (50% chance) last spring freeze of 32°F for ZIP 54121 is May 24. For a more cautious planting date, use June 8, when only 1 year in 10 still sees a later freeze.
When is the first frost in 54121?
The average first fall freeze is September 25. In 1 year in 10 it comes by September 7.
What hardiness zone is 54121?
ZIP 54121 is in USDA zone 4b (-25 to -20°F average coldest winter night), per the 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map ZIP listing.
What is the soil temperature in 54121 right now?
This page shows the latest 2-inch and 4-inch soil temperature from the nearest public soil station (USDA SCAN, NOAA USCRN or TexMesonet), or a labeled estimate when no station is close, against the 50–55°F spring pre-emergent band.
Nearby ZIP codes
54120 49802 Kingsford 49902 Alpha 49801 Iron Mountain 49927 Gaastra 49876 Quinnesec 54103 54119 Dunbar
Other ZIP codes in Florence County
54120 All Florence County frost dates · Wisconsin frost dates
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